<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">On Thu, 27 Feb 2020 at 18:56, Markus <<a href="mailto:selfishseahorse@gmail.com">selfishseahorse@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">On Thu, 27 Feb 2020 at 15:06, Paul Allen <<a href="mailto:pla16021@gmail.com" target="_blank">pla16021@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
><br>
> However, despite the option being labelled an abstention, it is NOT an abstention.<br>
> Technically, it is a "spoiled ballot." Spoiled ballots DO contribute to a quorum in<br>
> most voting systems. [...]<br>
<br>
Really? Wikipedia says [1]:<br>
<br>
In voting, a ballot is considered spoilt, spoiled, void, null,<br>
informal, invalid or stray if a law declares or an election authority<br>
determines that it is invalid and thus **not included in the vote<br>
count**.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Wikipedia is not noted for its consistency. From <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstention">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstention</a></div><div><br></div><div style="margin-left:40px">Abstentions do not count in tallying the vote negatively or positively;
when members abstain, they are in effect attending only to contribute to
a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorum</a>. White votes, however, may be counted in the total of votes, depending on the legislation. <br></div><div style="margin-left:40px"><br></div>Note that abstentions can only contribute to a quorum in things like parliamentary</div><div class="gmail_quote">votes where people are required to attend. As far as ordinary voters in elections</div><div class="gmail_quote">go, there may be no requirement to attend or vote (depending on legislation) and</div><div class="gmail_quote">no quorum.</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">-- <br></div><div class="gmail_quote">Paul</div><div class="gmail_quote"><br></div></div>