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<p>From my (admittedly limited) understanding, there are several different forms of recognition and ownership of land by Australia's First Peoples, and it varies from state to state. I don't believe the specific boundary=administrative tag is appropriate for any of the use cases, but I want to make clear that I don't believe using a different tag should in any way detract from the legitimacy, ownership or importance of these areas. Because the legal framework is complicated, unfortunately I think the tags will inevitably be complicated as well</p>
<p><strong>Traditional Owners</strong></p>
<p>Most (all?) states recognise particular Indigenous Corporations as the "Traditional Owners" of areas of land. As Traditional Owners, these corporations are given certain rights (often a requirement to be consulted on land changes) but don't necessarily have any specific legal power or self-governance over land in the same way as an LGA might. For this reason, I don't believe Traditional Ownership boundaries are suited to "administrative" boundaries, for the same reason that planning overlays wouldn't be appropriate as "administrative" boundaries. The boundary=aboriginal_lands tag seems to be more targeted towards "reservations", which doesn't seem to suited to Traditional Owner Recognition. My suggestion would be either:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 40px;">boundary=protected_area <br />heritage=3 <em>(as is state recognition)</em><br />protection_title=Registered Traditional Ownership<br />heritage:operator=<em>Traditional Owners Corporation</em><br />protect_class=24<br />name=<em>Traditional Owners<br /></em>name:aus=<em>Traditional Owners</em></p>
<p><em>or, to coin a tag</em></p>
<p style="padding-left: 40px;">boundary=aboriginal_lands<br />aboriginal_lands=traditional_ownership</p>
<p><strong>Native Title</strong></p>
<p>Native Title is separate to Traditional Ownership as defined by the states, but tends to afford more rights over the land (and compensation, if I recall correctly). Again though, I don't believe it is equivalent to an administration area. </p>
<p style="padding-left: 40px;">boundary=protected_area <br />heritage=2 <em>(as is federal recognition, not state)</em><br />protection_title=Native Title<br />heritage:operator=<em>Traditional Owners Corporation</em><br />protect_class=24<br />name=<em>Traditional Owners<br /></em>name:aus=<em>Traditional Owners</em></p>
<p><em>or, </em></p>
<p style="padding-left: 40px;">boundary=aboriginal_lands<br />aboriginal_lands=native title</p>
<p><strong>Indigenous Protected Areas</strong></p>
<p>This is another volunteary arrangement between Indigenous Organisations and Australian Government, but is also focussed on conservation. To be an Indigenous Protected Area, the land must be owned by First Peoples. (it's not clear whether ownership is akin to sovereignty or land ownership.)</p>
<p>These appear to already be mapped as Nature Reserves (<a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/8317126#map=8/-28.507/134.436">https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/8317126#map=8/-28.507/134.436</a>)</p>
<p><strong>Aboriginal LGAs</strong></p>
<p>There are also Indigenous Land Councils that operate and administer land as the LGA. They will already be captured as an administrative boundary (See APY lands <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/6792088">https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/6792088</a>)</p>
<p>They could perhaps be enriched with an additional tag indicating their unique status, but should probably stay the same as other LGAs?</p>
<p><strong>Aboriginal Land Permits</strong></p>
<p>Separate to that legal mechanism, there are areas where a perit is required to enter private land owned by Indigenous Organisations. These are probably the closest equivalent to the standard boundary=aboriginal_land tags, but I'm really not sure of the legal distinction between state to state.</p>
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<p>If the data can be sourced appropriately and respectfully with First Peoples I would wholeheartedly support their inclusion.</p>
<p>Dian</p>
<p id="reply-intro">On 2021-11-30 17:51, stevea wrote:</p>
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<p id="reply-intro">On 2021-11-30 18:21, Graeme Fitzpatrick wrote:</p>
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<div class="v1gmail_attr" dir="ltr">On Tue, 30 Nov 2021 at 16:55, stevea <<a href="mailto:steveaOSM@softworkers.com" rel="noreferrer">steveaOSM@softworkers.com</a>> wrote:</div>
<blockquote class="v1gmail_quote" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; padding-left: 1ex;">On Nov 29, 2021, at 10:39 PM, Ewen Hill <<a href="mailto:ewen.hill@gmail.com" rel="noreferrer">ewen.hill@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br />> Indigenous nations/country<br />> I have a strong belief that we should allocate an entry around level three to six for indigenous country. There will be discussion on fuzziness of boundaries and ownership, a number of these have been resolved already by the Registered Aboriginal Parties (RAP) for an area however I don't see that being a huge issue. My key issue is appropriation of the country and area polygons for the ability for others to commercialise this or reduce the purchasing of indigenous materials.<br />> <br />> I don't see that all RAPs and others would update the map, however I see having the ability to add this data and be able to index it, is important to OSM in Australia.</blockquote>
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<div>Ewen</div>
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<div>Yep, great idea!</div>
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<div>We did discuss this briefly a little while ago, when Aus Post started pushing for / allowing "Country" names to be included in mailing addresses.</div>
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<div><a href="https://auspost.com.au/about-us/supporting-communities/rachael-mcphail-making-traditional-place-names-part-of-mailing-addresses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://auspost.com.au/about-us/supporting-communities/rachael-mcphail-making-traditional-place-names-part-of-mailing-addresses</a></div>
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<div>I agree that it may not be something that is very usable "now", but it's something that will only gain in popularity over time, so let's get in early with OSM!</div>
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<blockquote class="v1gmail_quote" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; padding-left: 1ex;">"Um," (he begins timidly)...</blockquote>
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<div>It's alright Steve, we don't bite! (that hard anyway :-))</div>
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<div>To sum it up simply - it's complicated!</div>
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<div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_land_rights_in_Australia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_land_rights_in_Australia</a></div>
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<div>So some areas could be aboriginal lands, but most aren't.</div>
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<div>What I was talking about (& possibly Ewen) was to include the original "nations" lands eg</div>
<div><a href="https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/map-indigenous-australia" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/map-indigenous-australia</a></div>
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<div>Unfortunately, I'd think the chances of being allowed to use that map are pretty well non-existent :-(</div>
<div><a href="https://aiatsis.gov.au/form/permission/map" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://aiatsis.gov.au/form/permission/map</a></div>
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<blockquote class="v1gmail_quote" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; padding-left: 1ex;">the challenges to OSM's admin_level scheme are great, and so far, not completely "solved." ... Really, this can be a challenging problem to solve (where there are "overlapping" or "shared" political areas and it isn't "neat, clean and easy" to delineate one from the other).</blockquote>
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<div>Yep! :-(</div>
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<div>Thanks
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<div>Graeme</div>
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