[openstreetmap/openstreetmap-website] Replace Shortlink custom algorithm with a standard implementation (Issue #4205)

[Brooks Boyd]

### Problem

OpenStreetMap has a custom [Shortlink](https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Shortlink) algorithm that is used to generate a URL link to a specific point on the map in a terse format. That algorithm being custom means no other mapping tool (that I've seen documented) uses it as a shortening method. Being custom means the development team needs to keep updated the algorithm code, and documentation for it. If it were switched to a known standard algorithm, it would allow more interoperability with other tools, and would allow pruning out that code from the website (allowing the website code to just focus on OSM-specific business logic).

### Description

Replace the "Short Link" UI logic to use a known standard algorithm. The current Shortlink algorithm is similar to [Plus Codes](https://plus.codes), and the Plus Codes system has been adopted by many other mapping and addressing systems, so replacing it with that algorithm via a Plus Codes library would allow simplification of what the OSM site needs to do to calculate/parse "Short Links" and make generating OSM "Short Links" from other applications easier (as many will already have a Plus Codes library pulled in).  Though I note there has been some reluctance to add Plus Codes to other areas of the application (search bar: #1807); if that system is not preferred, the Geohash, and Geohash-36 systems are also similar to the current Shortlink algorithm and could be considered as more possible alternatives.

### Screenshots

_No response_

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