[Tile-serving] [openstreetmap/osm2pgsql] Avoid crashing on out-of-range inputs for int4 columns (#956)

[Andy Allan]

Fixes #955

This approach also avoids undefined behaviour when using sscanf, and changes the mean calculation to avoid overflows.

As part of the development of this patch I made [a sample osm.xml file with a variety of numbers and ranges](https://gist.github.com/gravitystorm/409b5f651f013ac5a49ff71f84b82d37), to check that everything was working properly. 
You can view, comment on, or merge this pull request online at:

  https://github.com/openstreetmap/osm2pgsql/pull/956

-- Commit Summary --

  * Avoid crashing on out-of-range inputs for int4 columns

-- File Changes --

    M table.cpp (17)

-- Patch Links --

https://github.com/openstreetmap/osm2pgsql/pull/956.patch
https://github.com/openstreetmap/osm2pgsql/pull/956.diff

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