[Tagging] How to tag an industrial breeding facility?
Bert -Araali- Van Opstal
bert.araali.afritastic at gmail.com
Fri May 28 16:03:56 UTC 2021
We do have good tagging for this Paul.
See the wiki pages for landuse=farmyard
(https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:landuse%3Dfarmyard
<https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:landuse%3Dfarmyard>) and
farmyard=* (https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:farmyard
<https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Key:farmyard>).
So should be tagged as landuse=farmyard, farmyard=feedlot or
farmyard=stockyard. They mostly have individual pens, so a mapper who
wants to provide more detail can use barrier=*.
So sorry for the confusion before, I should read our wiki more
carefully, man_made=feedlot is wrong, should be farmyard=feedlot.
Although barrier=pen is used 41 times, the barrier tag doesn't seem
suitable to me. Providing detail for the individual pens with just
barrier=* tags limits the possibilities as it should be used for the
type of fence for the pen.
Most of these pens have specific other provisions or characteristics,
like soil type or bedding, drinking and feeding provisions,
significantly different from a fenced meadow or pasture. So I would
favourite a new tag for the pens like an area with man_made=pen,
suitable to add surface=* tags but also species:en=cow etc... . This
would allow to tag feedlots and stockyards who have a mix of pens for
different animals.
For António, the wiki says farmyard=poultry should be used for a
farmyard area used for raising poultry, usually chickens, for meat or
eggs, farmyard=fur ... .
The issue I still see here is that it doesn't give a tag for the
buildings and it doesn't differentiate between the factory farm or
confinement concept and more animal friendly solutions like poultry or
egg producing farms where the animals have a large or free roaming
options outside the confinement. Neither does it provide options for
different animals like pigs, cows, goats, sheep etc...
In these cases, farmyard is used to describe the product or produce, in
other just the "type of operation" as in feedlot and stockyard. I do
know of farmyards that provide different life animals like poultry and
pigs, pigs and diary products etc... however all based on the "factory"
concept with permanent confinement of the animals, intensive or highly
concentrated.
They also do have other provisions for manure storage and processing,
some produce their own silage but might combine with human crops...,
which would be tagged with multiple ; separated values however you get a
mix then with both produce and type of operation in one key.
So for farmyard I would suggest to introduce some new values,
farmyard=permanent_confinement, farmyard=roaming_confinement,
farmyard=outdoor_roaming_confinement, farmyard=free_roaming besides the
existing values feedlot and stockyard which refer to operations without
animals confined in buildings.
This still lacks some information to differ different operations in the
lifecycle of the animal, like breeding, feeding and slaughter. Some
facilities both breed and feed, others only breed, others only feed,
others might also slaughter like for the fur producing factories and
dispose the carcasses... .
I would prefer to use a farmyard subkey for this, gives the most
flexibility and less different values in farmyard=*. So we could use
something like farmyard:operation=breed and/or feed and/or slaughter
(and others operations as they emerge), multiple operations separated by ;.
A farmyard value already in use but not listed in the wiki is
farmyard=dairy, which makes much sense and is a keeper.
I didn't include "livestock" in the value, because, more and more the
facilities that breed insects for protein and consumption, either by
humans or animals are emerging, in my English insects are not livestock.
They would be suitable to be described with the same farmyard value if
we avoid "livestock". As an alternative one could introduce another
farmyard=insect_production.
The final product or produce should really go in a separate key. Like
produce=eggs, produce=meat and I still prefer species:en=* to refer to
the specific animals, as the eggs might be different coming from
different breads, the meat might be different as coming from different
breeds. Beef can be form different breeds of cattle, buffalo etc...
different type of pigs, all tasting different even have different
texture and appearance.
This should deprecate farmyard=poultry (529) and farmyard=fur (79).
Farmyard as such has 2792 use cases. This indicates that it never
received much popularity as in describing the operations taking place on
the landuse=farmyard (more the 1 000 000 uses) tag. Some did however
attempt to describe the farm factories with a large number of different
values all in very low usage numbers, some of the most interesting
"stables" and "livestock" in the farmyard key.
This brings me to Martin's argument, why don't we use the existing tags
for the different kind of animal housings like sty, stable, chickencoop
etc... .
There are different issues with this tagging scheme:
1. There is no simple query to extract all types of animal housings form
OSM. One needs to do a lot of research for all the different values for
buildings, many of them not documented. A single building=animal_housing
tag with animal_housing=sty / stable / chickencoop etc.. would easily
resolve this and allow for easy re-tagging, no matter of it's industrial
use or not.
2. The existing scheme refers to slight differences in the construction
or appearance aimed at specific animal breeds. It does imply that the
building is used for a specific animal breed however this might change
and often be not the case. Small scale or traditional farmers might keep
chickens in the pigsty, cows in the horse stable etc...
3. As for most of these tags, they are advised to be used on the
traditional animal housings, either on a farmyard or even residential or
other landuse. Implicetely, the wiki says don't use them on large
industrial or factory like facilities as they have different names.
4. In English semantics most animal confinements have a specific word
for it, depending on the type of animal being kept in the confinement.
This is justified because different animals mostly require different
provisions and have different requirements to ventilation, size of the
stall, individual or group pens or , nesting, humidity, temperature
etc... which result in different indoor and/or outdoor layout, utilities
and provisions. This is applicable both for the traditional animal
confinements as the industrial ones.
In other languages this is often not the case. The different types of
animal confinement are distinguished by combining the animal common
species name with a general term for animal confinement, like stable or
pen. So a common mapper needs to be having a broad English vocabulary,
dictionary aside, or a specialist farmer to know all these terms. Not
accessible or usable for a common mapper in a top-level key and in my
opinion has led to the large diversity in values currently in use,
leading to another OSM mess. Time to clean it up and make it more usable
and structured.
5. Values and correct specialised terms for the more factory or
intensive like facilities are hardly or not used, like piggery, battery
(for eggs). You see other variants like stables, hall, etc...
6. The current situation is a mess and does not provide any clear
guidance or structure for tagging the factory farms. The wiki pages
exist since 2014, latest similar discussion (also initiated by António?)
august 2020. So even if we discussed it before, the issues have never
been addressed and the mess is just growing. Better to start reasoning
from zero, try to keep existing tagging as much as possible but
deprecate or discourage further extension of the old mess.
So I would stick to my previous arguments: building=animal_housing.
Combine it as you wish with animal_housing=sty / stable / cowshed... and
a new value or values for the industrial ones. Some of the industrial
ones have specific terms like piggery, battery... .to describe it's type
of construction (mostly indoors) for a specific animal breed. A sty is
not a piggery though. A piggery is not necessarily an industrial or
factory like facility where the animal never sees daylight or can't move
around. So I would prefer a more general term like
animal_housing=strict_confinement OR roaming_confinement OR
daylight_confinement. Provide more details about the animals housing
conditions in additional attribute key confinement=*.
Some examples:
A mapper sees some buildings on a farmyard.
Minimal tagging: landuse=farmyard, building=yes because he can't
determine if it's a barn, an animal housing, or even the house of the
farmer, the farmhouse.
The mapper is able to distinguish an individual animal house:
landuse=farmyard, building=animal_house.
The mapper can determine that the animal housing is for chickens, kept
in a small scale operation or traditional.
landuse=farmyard, building=chickencoop.
The mapper sees not only chickens in the chicken coop but also some
rabbits and even a small pig:
landuse=farmyard, building=chickencoop, species:en=chicken;rabbit;pig
All the above have no farmyard=* value, meaning they are not large scale
or industrial like operations.
The mapper sees a farmyard and can distinguish an industrial like animal
housing, no outdoor facilities for the animals, without knowing what
animals are actually kept there:
landuse:farmyard, farmyard=permanent_confinement,
building=animal_housing, confinement=strict_confinement.
The mapper sees a farmyard and can distinguish an industrial like animal
housing, no outdoor facilities for the animals, the building is just a
roof or semi-open and he can see they keep pigs inside:
landuse:farmyard, farmyard=permanent_confinement,
building=animal_housing, confinement=daylight_confinement,
species:en=domestic pig.
The mapper sees a farmyard and can distinguish an industrial like animal
housing, the animals can exit the building to small pens aside the
building but under the same roof. Like a cowshed. Due to it's size and
capacity he considers it as a large scale intensive farm.
landuse:farmyard, farmyard=roaming_confinement, building=animal_housing,
confinement=daylight_confinement, species:en=cow.
The mapper sees a farmyard and can distinguish an industrial like animal
housing, the animals can exit the building to small pens aside the
building but the pens don't have a roof. Like a cowshed with outer
pens. Due to it's size and capacity he considers it as a large scale
intensive farm.
landuse:farmyard, farmyard=outdoor_roaming_confinement,
building=animal_housing, confinement=strict_confinement, he maps the
pens separately and tags them man_made=pen, species:en=cow.
I hope this helps, if there is some common ground for this growing
revamped tagging scheme, I would be very pleased to craft it in a well
defined proposal with the help of some others (Antonio ?) and additions
and changes to the existing wiki pages.
Of course any constructive comments, objections or additions are welcome.
Greetings, Bert Araali
On 27/05/2021 21:16, Paul Allen wrote:
> On Thu, 27 May 2021 at 17:35, Bert -Araali- Van Opstal
> <bert.araali.afritastic at gmail.com
> <mailto:bert.araali.afritastic at gmail.com>> wrote:
>
> The feedlots as referred to by Paul are just a collection of the
> pens I mentioned before.
>
>
> Yes and no. The differences between a collection of pens and a
> feedlot are
> the concentration of animals and the percentage of their life spent in
> those
> pens. Feedlots confine the animals for life so they don't spend energy
> wandering around to graze.
>
> A suggestion to map these could be man_made=pen on a closed area
> and man_made=feedlot on the collection of pens.
>
>
> Cattle markets have collections of pens in which animals are briefly
> kept (but probably not fed). The collection isn't a feedlot.
>
> --
> Paul
>
>
>
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